The Lion of Punjab
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji (1780–1839) was the founder and leader of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century. He united the warring misls of Punjab and built a powerful, secular, and modern empire based on justice, equality, and strength. Known as the “Sher-e-Punjab” (Lion of Punjab), his rule was marked by religious tolerance, military excellence, and cultural growth.
Ranjit Singh Ji was born on November 13, 1780, in Gujranwala (now in Pakistan). He was the son of Sardar Maha Singh, leader of the Sukerchakia Misl. Despite suffering from smallpox at an early age which left him blind in one eye, he trained in horse riding, swordsmanship, and leadership from a young age. He became the chief of the misl at age 12 after his father’s death.
By the age of 21, Ranjit Singh Ji had successfully united many of the Sikh misls (confederacies) into a single empire. He captured Lahore in 1799 and made it the capital of the Sikh Empire. His leadership brought peace and stability to a land torn by years of internal conflict and foreign invasions.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji is remembered for his inclusive and secular governance. Hindus, Muslims, and Christians held important positions in his court. He never forced religion and gave immense respect to all places of worship. No forced conversions or communal conflicts were reported under his reign.
He preserved and restored Sikh religious sites, including the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), which he covered with gold, giving it the name “Golden Temple.” He also funded repairs and constructions for temples and mosques, showing his deep respect for all religions.
Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji, the Sikh Khalsa Army was transformed into a disciplined and modern force, trained by European generals. His army successfully defended Punjab from external invasions, including those from the Afghans and British. The Sikh Empire remained the last major independent kingdom before British annexation.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji’s empire extended from the Khyber Pass to the Sutlej River. He maintained peace in the region for over 40 years, a remarkable achievement during a turbulent era. His legacy lives on as a model of leadership based on Sikh values — fearlessness, compassion, and equality.